AC joint reconstruction is a surgical procedure to repair or stabilize the acromioclavicular (AC) joint, which connects the collarbone (clavicle) to the shoulder blade (acromion). This procedure is often recommended for patients with severe AC joint separations, often from trauma or injury, that impact shoulder stability and function. For individuals in Nebraska and Iowa, understanding the procedure and recovery process can help you prepare for surgery and support a successful rehabilitation.
What is an AC Joint Separation?
An AC joint separation occurs when the ligaments connecting the clavicle to the acromion are damaged or torn, typically due to a fall on the shoulder or a direct impact. Symptoms of AC joint separation include:
- Pain and Swelling: Significant discomfort and inflammation around the top of the shoulder.
- Limited Shoulder Mobility: Difficulty lifting or reaching with the affected arm.
- Visible Deformity: In more severe cases, a visible bump may form at the top of the shoulder.
What is AC Joint Reconstruction?
AC joint reconstruction aims to restore stability and alignment to the AC joint by repairing or reconstructing the damaged ligaments. The specific surgical approach depends on the severity of the separation and individual patient needs. Techniques may include:
- Ligament Repair: Reattaching the torn ligaments to stabilize the joint.
- Ligament Graft Reconstruction: Using a tendon graft, often from the patient or a donor, to replace damaged ligaments.
- Clavicle Fixation: Additional methods like screws or a plate may be used to secure the clavicle while the ligaments heal.
Preparing for AC Joint Reconstruction in Nebraska and Iowa
If you’re scheduled for AC joint reconstruction, here’s what you should know beforehand:
- Preoperative Evaluation: Your surgeon will review your medical history, perform imaging tests, and discuss the surgical plan based on your injury severity.
- Pre-Surgery Guidelines: Follow specific instructions regarding medications, eating, and drinking. Avoid anti-inflammatory medications unless instructed otherwise.
- Plan for Assistance: This is usually an outpatient procedure, but you’ll need someone to drive you home afterward.
The Surgical Procedure
The procedure typically lasts 1-2 hours and is performed under general anesthesia. Key steps include:
- Incision: A small incision is made near the AC joint to access the damaged ligaments.
- Ligament Repair or Reconstruction: The torn ligaments are repaired or replaced using graft tissue.
- Clavicle Stabilization: In severe cases, the clavicle may be temporarily fixed with pins or plates to hold it in place during healing.
- Closure: The incision is closed with sutures, and a protective dressing or sling is applied.
What to Expect After Surgery
After AC joint reconstruction, some pain, swelling, and limited mobility are expected. Your surgeon will provide detailed postoperative instructions, including:
- Pain Management: Pain relief typically includes prescription medication initially, followed by over-the-counter options as needed.
- Immobilization: You may need to wear a sling for several weeks to protect the shoulder and allow for ligament healing.
- Activity Limitations: Avoid heavy lifting, overhead movements, and repetitive motions during the initial healing phase.
Recovery and Rehabilitation
Recovery from AC joint reconstruction can take several months, as the ligaments need time to heal and regain strength. Physical therapy plays a key role in recovery and may include:
- Range of Motion Exercises: Initially, gentle exercises to regain shoulder mobility.
- Strengthening: Over time, exercises to rebuild shoulder strength and stability.
- Gradual Return to Activities: Your therapist will guide you in resuming activities, starting with light movements and progressing to heavier activities.
Long-Term Outcomes
Many patients achieve excellent results from AC joint reconstruction, regaining shoulder stability, strength, and function. Full recovery varies but typically ranges from 3 to 6 months. Following postoperative care guidelines and attending physical therapy are crucial for optimal outcomes.
When to Seek Treatment in Nebraska and Iowa
If you experience shoulder instability, persistent pain, or difficulty with arm movement after an AC joint injury, consulting an orthopedic specialist in Nebraska or Iowa can help determine if AC joint reconstruction is right for you.
